Have you been able to test different SATA chipsets? For a much more affordable way to store loads of files to share with friends or family, Raspberry Pi 4 is ideal. Speaking of network traffic, the last test I did was to install and configure both Samba and NFS (see Samba and NFS installation guides in this issue), to test which one offered the best performance for network file copies: It looks like NFS holds the crown on the Pi, though if you use Windows or Android/iOS primarily, you might see slightly different results or have a harder time getting NFS going than Samba. Alternatively, you can create additional entries in smb.conf for multiple shares. Thanks to Alex Ellis and Emmet Young for their excellent blog posts on RAID and Samba. The ideal solution is to use a cloud provider such as Google or Dropbox to back everything up. Set this up and create a regular cron job to make sure your data survives. I’ve been wondering about using Pi for a Raid1 with 1 or 2 TB SSDs for storing high value data backups. These file- and media-serving black boxes can punch a hole in your bank account, particularly the professional versions aimed at businesses. Download Raspbian Buster Lite and burn it to a microSD card. This article first appeared in The MagPi 85 and was written by PJ Evans. Once booted, make sure SSH has been enabled by running sudo raspi-config and selecting Interfacing Options > SSH. First, install the software RAID manager, mdadm: Now instruct mdadm to create the RAID-1 array: Raspbian will now see both physical disks as a single device. Utilities such as Rclone can sync entire directory structures onto many different providersâ storage. If you want to create file shares that are private to individual users, just create their own directory on the RAID array: Again, replace username with the user you want. To do this we use fdisk. I think the Compute Module 4, with it's built-in Gigabit networking and ability to use one or more PCI Express cards, is the first Raspberry Pi that I would consider 'good' for running a reliable and performant NAS. Prep your storage. The RAID-1 system is operational. One thing you must have mentioned that a backup power, the files will be doomed if such thing happens. This one is the 4GB version, and running free -h during the benchmarking shows the Pi is filling up its RAM with filesystem cache data. I'm pretty sure this is also what I'm running into with my laptop usb drive raidz nas that's limited by the 1x pcie lanes to the pch. For example, when I was trying to format four HDDs the first time, I got: And the solution I found in this StackOverflow question was to run: I also ran into the message Device or resource busy when I tried formatting four SSDs, and it would always be a different device that was listed as the one being busy. Did you find any solution to what you suspect is linux flushing to disk and starving the nic of io bandwidth, continuously tanking the network transfer speed? New Raspberry Pi 4 USB 3.0 Personal Cloud With RAID Backup: Hello and welcome. I have full directions for recompiling the kernel with SATA support on the Pi itself, too! Then enter âpâ (for primary partition). One question I do have is if a PCIe X1 riser card would work on this? ( I don't know if it supports raid, but there are Free NAS and others with GUI). I ran into a few different issues when formatting different sets of disks. But it's a good option if you just want to have external storage. You can polish off this project with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Using the Raspberry Pi 4, with portable USB drives configured in a Linux RAID configuration. Thoughts on which you’d prefer? I upgraded my Raspberry Pi 2 NAS to the latest and greatest Raspberry Pi 3B+ hoping to get the network performance boost promised by an excellent iperf benchmark. By Lucy Hattersley, Build a Home Assistant: the light fantastic, Play with colour and mood, or go completely disco with Home Assistant's light controls. Using Samba is one of the simplest ways to build a Raspberry Pi NAS as it is easy to set up and configure. But the HDDs on the label had the same minimal power requirement, so I don't see why the 12V/2A supply wouldn't work for them. I already have prepared a NAS with my raspi 4, and I was wondering what power supply are you using for feeding 4 x WD HDD. There are many different forms, but weâre using one of the simplest: RAIDâ1, or mirroring. The ⦠Using iSCSI (as opposed to NFS or SMB) can be much more efficient. Finally, make sure everything is up-to-date with sudo apt update && sudo apt -y upgrade, then reboot. By Rob Zwetsloot. For reliable power we added a powered USB 3.0 hub. Next I wanted to benchmark a single WD Green 500GB hard drive. ... Configuring RAID 5. Technically it's not required to partition before creating the array... but there are a couple small reasons it seems safer that way. As with most Pi projects, youâll want to open a Terminal, either on the Pi itself ⦠So what is a NAS, anyway? For the first solution, we will be using a software called Samba to build a NAS with Raspberry Pi. I'm looking for a new project and this is looking good. Using Linux's Multiple Device admin tool (mdadm), we can put these drives together in any common RAID arrangement. With the Raspberry Pi up to date, we can go ahead and install the packages that we will be relying ⦠2 à External USB drives (minimum), e.g. change password and display IP address. It turns out that SATA chips are very difficult to get a hold of and JMicron is the only one that has been responsive. In my case, it's already faster than the old Mac mini I have been using as a NAS for years, which has only USB 2.0 ports, limiting my file copies over the network to ~35 MB/sec! Make it available anywhere in your home with your own Raspberry Pi network-attached storage, The MagPi magazine is 100 issues young. Installing Ubuntu Server. Quit (CTRL+X, followed by Y), then run the following so the RAID array starts up correctly on boot: Reboot and you should have /mnt/raid1 ready to go. Most of these can also be implemented on a Raspberry Pi NAS. Now only that user can access that directory. If you have more drives, it will continue up the alphabet. fdisk will now exit. Amazing work! Plus, power requirements would be far lower. In simpler terms, itâs a box on to which you dump all your movies, photos, music, and other stuff so you can get to it wherever and whenever. Prerequisites for installing a NAS. Also, the client OS can do more caching.) Should the Raspberry Pi NAS fail for some reason or we want to quickly copy information over a USB 3.0 connection instead of via the network, having NTFS-formatted disks makes it dead simple to take the portable USB drives weâre using on the NAS build and plug them right into one of the many Windows machines we use every day. Could I send you some to try? This is a pretty awesome article, man. Top of page. Donât panic. Win one of five of the latest version of Raspberry Pi! Finally, change your password and, under Network Options, change the Hostname (the NASâs network name) if you wish. It provides a certain level of data redundancy, but will not be of any help if you accidentally delete a file. I am not so experienced with pi, but why didn't you consider OMV ? If youâve enabled SSH, youâve already got SFTP available; just connect using your favourite FTP client using /mnt/raid1/shared as the starting point. Connected through USB 3.0, a SATA SSD is no slouch, but if you want the best possible performance on the Pi, using direct NVMe or SATA SSD storage is the best option. Youâll save money and get a regular supply of in-depth reviews, features, guides and other PC enthusiast goodness delivered directly to your door every month. Sudden power cuts can spell disaster for Linux-based systems due to the way they handle files in memory. So, to grant access to the current user, âpiâ: Youâll be asked to choose a password (it doesnât have to be the same as your Raspberry Pi password). The setup is headless, meaning we access the RaspberryPi only via remote SSH controls. Replace the failed disk as soon as possible and the array is ârebuiltâ. It does striping and mirroring "combined" instead of one after the other. to all the different products I used to build my SATA RAID array: Wow. To provide a layer of protection, youâll need to double the number of drives to make sure your data is safer. Great write up, was thinking about this as a project (at some stage), you've given me so much really useful information and many new tabs! The first thing I wanted to test was whether a SATA drive—in this case, a Kingston SATA 3 SSD—would run faster connected directly through a SATA controller than it ran connected through a USB 3.0 controller and a UASP-enabled USB 3.0 to SATA enclosure. over 1 year ago. Install the hard drives in the enclosures, ⦠I work with storages for last ten years, maybe more, but what you do here is just excellent :). The most important decision youâll make is how much storage youâll need. In your benchmarks did you try to play with raid10 layout options (near, far, ...); I was always wondering how the impact performance for spinning HDD versus SSD. The Raspbian version of this has the slightly more friendly name of Samba, but it is not installed by default. Come with us and celebrate with this special edition of The MagPi magazine. The Raspberry Pi, on the other hand, is such a versatile little board that it can act as a cheap trial NAS thatâonce you grow out of itâcan be repurposed for something else. The Raspberry Pi 4 is a big improvement over the RPI 3 on many fronts. NAS can be expensive. RAID 10 backs off that performance a bit, but it's still respectable and offers a marked improvement over a single drive. To keep things fair, since it couldn't hold a candle to even a cheap SSD like the Kingston, I benchmarked it against my favorite microSD card for the Pi, the Samsung EVO+: While the hard drive does put through decent synchronous numbers (it has more bandwidth available over PCIe than the microSD card gets), it gets obliterated by the itsy-bitsy microSD card on random IO! In reply to You only have one PCIe lane… by Markocloud. If a drive does fail, your system will be in a âdegradedâ state, meaning that data is at risk until the drive is replaced. Now to share some files on the network using the popular protocol, SMB/CIFS. The one starting âmmcblk0â is the microSD card containing Raspbian. This partâs pretty easy. In reply to Hi thank you for sharing… by Johan. At this point, we have four independent disks, each with one partition spanning the whole volume. (If you get an error that a partition already exists, use âdâ to delete it â this will lose any data on the disk!) The ROCK Pi SATA HATs come in 3 models: I will also release a new instructable on this topic soon with improved casing and software. Just - wow. Raspberry Pi OS (and indeed, any OS optimized for the Pi currently, like Ubuntu Server for Pi) doesn't include all the standard drivers and kernel modules you might be used to having available on a typical Linux distribution. Anything written to one disk is automatically written to the other. But I would definitely like someone to design a nice case that holds the Pi, a specialized (smaller) IO board, a PCIe SATA adapter, a fan, and four SATA drives—ideally designed in a nice, compact form factor! Also, for now I don't use a power switch (though later on I might wire one up), nor do I have any kind of indicators (yet). Samba is a re-implementation of the SMB (Server Message Block) networking protocol that allows Linux computers to seamlessly integrate into active directory environments. Disappointed with the results I accepted the failure and moved to other projects. Next, make sure that the drive is mounted whenever you boot. I also wanted to measure thermal performance and energy efficiency, since the end goal is to build a compact Raspberry-Pi based NAS that is competitive with any other budget NAS on the market. Above all, it is important to present the necessary material for this ⦠Next, we need to partition the drives so Raspbian can understand how to store data on them. First, weâre using NTFS-formatted hard disks. If the second drive fails, disaster. Tutorials on Linux, Raspberry Pi, Windows and Networking. Once done, the user âpiâ can access the Samba share from Windows, macOS, or other Raspberry Pi devices, with the ability to read and write files. Specifically useful for Raspberry Pi 2+ and a nice alternative to untrustworthy RAID systems. Why not set up a DLNA streaming server or run multiple databases? Very thorough job. So more RAM would definitely help make for more consistent transfers, but I don't think that's the only bottleneck, as copies would still start showing slowdowns after only 1-2 GB sometimes, even after a fresh reboot. Using the powered USB 3.0 hub connected to your Raspberry Pi, plug in all your USB disk drives. All content copyright Jeff Geerling. Hi thank you for sharing this valuable information. Rotary drives give us lower cost and higher capacity than SSDs. Rock band Make your own musical instruments with code blocks. But I decided to go all out (well, at least within a < $100 budget) and buy three more Kingston SSDs to test them in the same RAID configurations: And it was a little surprising—since the Raspberry Pi's PCI Express 1x 2.0 lane only offers around 5 Gbps theoretical bandwidth, the maximum real-world throughput you could get no matter how many SSDs you add is around 330 MB/sec. Self-storage. At this point in time, the software being used is beta â openmediavault 5. It must also offer availability and resilience for your data. So there are other IO pressures that the Pi reaches that make RAID for SATA SSDs less of a performance option than for spinning hard drives. There was a post here that provided some basic instructions for setting up OMV5 on buster. I appreciate you a lot for doing this. Since I have three disks, Iâll be using RAID 5 because it offers redundancy and more storage available than RAID 1. It seemed to work in both cases, though I did my actual benchmarks for the HDDs while they were connected through a 600W power supply (overkill, I know!). I linked to those in my initial Pi Compute Module 4 Review post. So why do you think it matters if your drives are USB or SATA attached? â Characteristics of Linux RAID levels â Build your own Raspberry Pi NAS â How to Setup a Raspberry Pi Samba Server â Build a Raspberry Pi RAID NAS Server â Complete DIY Guide â Partitioning, Formatting, and Mounting a Hard Drive in Linux The files themselves should be available with appropriate security measures over desired protocols. I want to replace my old NAS with a low-energy but powerful replacement. And the SATA kernel modules are not included by default, which means the first step in using a PCIe card like the IO Crest (which has a Marvell 9215 chip—which is supported in the kernel) is to compile (or cross-compile, in my case) the kernel with CONFIG_ATA and CONFIG_SATA_AHCI enabled.
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